What is a potential effect of overcrowding plants in a greenhouse?

Overcrowding plants in a greenhouse leads to increased competition for resources, which encompasses light, water, and nutrients. When plants are too closely spaced, they struggle to access these essential elements, resulting in stunted growth and poor overall health. This competition can also lead to stress among the plants, making them more susceptible to diseases and pests as they may not receive adequate resources to maintain strong health.

In contrast, improved air circulation and increased light exposure are usually benefits associated with proper plant spacing. Decreased disease risk is also not a consequence of overcrowding; rather, it tends to increase when plants are crowded because the dense foliage can create humid conditions that foster the spread of fungal and bacterial infections. Thus, the only accurate outcome of overcrowding in a greenhouse setting is the heightened competition for the various vital resources needed for plant growth and vitality.